The dialyser in the year 2017: much more than a membrane.

نویسندگان

  • Rafael Pérez-García
  • Roberto Alcázar
چکیده

El dializador es el elemento central de la hemodiálisis, donde se producen el intercambio de sustancias entre la sangre y el líquido de diálisis (LD); la ultrafiltración (UF) y la retrofiltración. Desde las primeras diálisis con dializadores tubulares de colodión, trinitrato de celulosa, conocido como dializador de Haas, en 19241, la hemodiálisis y los dializadores han evolucionado enormemente. En esta revisión nos vamos a centrar en los cambios de los dializadores que han aparecido en las dos últimas décadas, que puede que no sean tan evidentes. Un dializador es más que una membrana, pero está claro que esta es uno de sus componentes fundamentales. Los poros de la membrana de un dializador deben ser de un tamaño determinado, numerosos y uniformes. Esto se consigue con la nanotecnología2. La formación de una capa proteica en la membrana, al ponerse en contacto con la sangre, restringe la eliminación de moléculas, modificando funcionalmente los poros3. De la aplicación de la nanotecnología van a depender varias de las especificaciones que se mencionan a continuación. El coeficiente de ultrafiltración (CUF) de un dializador es una de las características que más se valoran. El CUF y el diseño del dializador van a condicionar la retrofiltración, que no debe generar ninguna preocupación con un LD ultrapuro4, requisito imprescindible hoy en día. De hecho, es una forma de eliminar moléculas medias y grandes sin tener que recurrir a la hemodiafiltración (HDF). Un CUF alto, mayor de 40 ml/mmHg/h, es un requisito de un dializador moderno. El coeficiente de cribado (CC) debe ser alto para moléculas medias, sin pérdidas significativas de albúmina. En la hemo-

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia

دوره 38 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2018